Daily maintenance of excavators

Daily inspection is the basic guarantee for safe and efficient operation of excavators and prolonging their service life. It can find and repair all kinds of faults and defects in time, so as to avoid further developing into key faults and even causing serious damage to excavators.
Doing daily spot check is of great significance to improve the production efficiency of excavators and reduce the cost of operation and maintenance.
The objects of daily routine inspection include the whole machine, engine, main hydraulic components, running system, left and right side rooms, working devices, oil allowance, electric lights and wipers, etc., and the methods are visual and hand touch.

Check the chassis

Check the working device.
Check the bucket and bucket teeth . The blunt bucket teeth should be replaced immediately. According to relevant data, the bucket cutting resistance will increase by 60%-80% when the bucket teeth are worn, which will greatly reduce the bucket loading efficiency.
Carefully check whether there are tiny cracks on the boom and stick, whether the oil cylinder leaks oil and the state of filling butter.

Check the electrolyte level of the battery and the cleaner.
Battery is the power source of the excavator’s electrical system. Check that the remaining amount of electrolyte in the battery is above the lowest horizontal line to ensure the normal power supply of the battery.

Check the level of cleaning water in the washer and wiper, and add it if necessary; If the wiper blade is worn and streaked, it should be replaced.

Check the air filter element

The air filter element is the first level for air to enter the engine, and the filtered clean air enters the cylinder to participate in fuel combustion. Compressed air can be used to clean up the dust when checking the air filter element, and excavators should be used in areas with high dust content in the air, so the frequency of checking the air filter element should be increased.

Check the side pump room

Check the oil inlet and outlet of the hydraulic pump to ensure no leakage and looseness. The fuel filter element and oil filter element of the pump should be replaced according to the time specified by the manufacturer. In case of long-term working in harsh conditions, the fuel filter element and oil filter element can be replaced in advance. The quantity of hydraulic oil gauge is hidden by the door lock of the chamber, so don’t forget to check the hydraulic oil allowance when checking the pump chamber.

Check engine oil.

Make sure that the oil level is between the “L” and “H” scale lines on the vernier scale. If it is lower than the “L” scale line, it should be replenished. When the oil level is abnormal, find out the reason as soon as possible and check again after troubleshooting. Due to the particularity of the excavator’s working site, the machine should be placed on the horizontal road section as far as possible for inspection, so that a more accurate oil scale line can be obtained. In addition, the normal operation of the engine requires sufficient fuel and cooling water, and the inspection of fuel tank and water tank is also an important point for attention.

Check the belt tension.

Apply appropriate pressure in the middle of a single belt, and check whether the subsidence of the belt is within the specified range; otherwise, the belt tension should be adjusted. When replacing new belts, they should be replaced in groups.
After the engine is started, check whether each speed displayed on the instrument is running normally, and no abnormal noise or smoke is required. Otherwise, stop the machine immediately for inspection.

Check the gear oil of rotary reducer.

Check the oil quantity of the slewing deceleration mechanism. The oil level should be at the position specified by the oil gauge. If the oil is insufficient, add enough oil. At the same time, attention should also be paid to the contact situation of each tubing joint, and it is required that there is no leakage, looseness and damage.
In particular, when supplementing or replacing oil (fuel oil, lubricating oil, hydraulic oil, coolant, etc.), the oil recommended by the original manufacturer should be used according to the requirements of the excavator’s instruction manual, and it should be kept clean to prevent dust and foreign substances from being mixed into the oil.

To do a good job in the daily spot check of hydraulic excavators, operators are required to carefully read the operating instructions of excavators, and have a thorough and careful understanding of the specifications and performance of excavators, the principle of hydraulic system, the structure and characteristics of hydraulic components, etc. Constantly improve their professional theoretical knowledge and enrich their practical experience in installation, use, maintenance and repair.

After doing the necessary routine check for each machine-team, it is also necessary to maintain the hours per hour (the time required by each excavator manufacturer is slightly different) in time, so as to keep the excavator working in a good condition and prolong its service life.